Crayon.



UNETED @TFATES PATENT @FFEQE.

WILLIAM BECKEBS, 03 NEW YORK, N. Y.

Patented Apr. 21, 1914:.

CRAYON.

Liftfffitil). Specification of Letters Patent.

No Drawing.

To all whom, it may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM Bnonnns, doctor of philosophy, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing in the city of New York, borough of Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invent-ed certain new and useful Improvements in Crayons, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

During the production of textile fabrics it is essential that the various grades of fibers used in their manufacture should be properly marked for identification and that the imperfections found in the woven fabric should be so marked as to be called to the attention of the operators whose duty it is to remedy and overcome these imperfections. The present employed method of accomplishing this result is to mark the different grades of slubbing and the different grades and twists of yarn, etc., and the many imperfections in the woven fabric such as dropped threads, slubs, knots, etc, with ordinary white and colored crayons. After the woven fabric has been properly corrected, as required by the crayon markings, it is taken to the wet finishing room and scoured with soap and soda in order to remove all oils and greases incident to the fiber itself or due to the spinning, twisting, weaving, and so forth, and to remove all the crayon markings made by the operators during the process of manufacturing. This removal is of extreme importance, as the presence of any of these markings will result in uneven dyeings, producing fabrics of decreased value. All of the crayons employed for this purpose are composed of chalk, china clay or other substances composed of or containing salts of calcium or magnesium combined with paris white or other binding substances which dissolve wholly or in part in the scouring liquid, forming sticky insoluble compounds with the soap or which remain upon the fiber during the scouring process. As a result of this chemical action between the crayon constituents and the soap, every particle of the crayon marking is converted, during the scouring process, into a sticky, insoluble substance, diiiicult to remove from the fabric and which is a constant. source of uneven dyeing. In addition to the extra labor and time necessary to remove these insoluble substances and the danger of resulting uneven dyeings, a very considerable ex- Application filed November 25, 1911. Serial No. 682,397.

tra expense is incurred in the increased amount of soap necessarily employed. This waste of soap is two-fold: the soap which combines with the crayon substance is precipitated, and therefore wasted, and further the additional amount necessary to remove this sticky compound from the fiber is an additional waste. Both of these amounts are employed to overcome the difliculties incident to the use of such crayon.

In view of the fact that frequently an average piece of textile fabric of about sixty yards will contain a thousand or more of such crayon markings and that one part of such calcium carbonate crayon will precipitate from twelve to fifteen parts of soap, itis evident that the loss of soap from such use is considerable. Experiments have shown that twice as much soap is necessary for the complete scouring of thus-marked fabric as is needed for the complete scouring of fabrics similarly marked with the crayons of my invention.

I have discovered a method of overcoming these difficulties, loss of time, wasteful expense, and danger of imperfect results, which is both inexpensive and effective.

I have found that if such marking crayons are composed of substances which do not form insoluble soaps during the scouring process, the insoluble sticky substances are not formed on the fabric and there is no waste of soap due to this formation or to the extra scouring necessary to remove them, and the resulting scoured fabrics are more uniforn in character and all dang-er of uneven dyeing due to the formation and nonremoval of insoluble compounds is overcome. Among the substances I have found suitable for this purpose are stearic acid, and other compounds, which can be formed into crayon shapes, will produce markings on the fabrics and which in themselves form soluble soaps or compounds in the scouring process; and barium sulfate, and other compounds, which can be formed into crayon shapes, will produce markings upon the fabrics and which do not form insoluble soaps or compounds in the scouring process.

Compounds and substances of the character mentioned may be used alone, in combination with each other, or if necessary, some binding agent, as starch, and so forth, can be employed to allow of their formation into the proper shape and consistency, such binding agent being of such a nature as not to form an insoluble soap or compound in the scouring process.

Various dye-stuffs and coloring matters may be employed to dye or color my crayon the desired shade.

One method of producing my new crayon is to melt stearicacid and add finely divided barium sulfate, or blanc fiXe, with constant stirring, then adding the requisite dyestufi or color, stirring until a uniform mixture is obtained and forming into the desired shape by means of molds or other suitable method.

I do not limit myself to the particular compounds mentioned or to the particular proportions or methods described all of which may be departed from Without going beyond the limits of my invention, which consists of crayons suitable for marking upon textile fabrics and which will not form insoluble soaps or compounds in the scouring operation.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. As a new article of manufacture, a crayon suitable for marking upon textile fibers comprising stearic acid, barium sulfate, and a binding agent.

2. As a new article of manufacture, a crayon suitable for marking upon textile fibers comprising stearic acid, barium sulfate, and starch.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

lVILLIAM BECKERS. lVitnesses CHAS. LYON RUssnLL, VII. 0. DUNN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G. 

